Associação de Trichoderma sp. e fungicidas no controle de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli

Abstract

Avaliou-se, por testes in vitro, a fungitoxicidade dos produtos Cabrio Top, Captan SC, Comet, Derosal 500, Derosal Plus, Frowncide 200 SC, Nativo, Opera, Stratego e Vitavax-Thiram 200 SC em isolados de Trichoderma sp. (T1R, T2R, T4R, T6R, T7R, TSV e PCT). Os fungicidas foram adicionados em meio de cultura BDA e em discos de papel filtro na dosagem recomendada pelo fabricante, metade e dobro desta dose. Os tratamentos foram mantidos a 23 ± 1ºC e fotoperíodo de 14 horas. Após sete dias de incubação foi medido o diâmetro da colônia dos fungos na presença dos fungicidas e o halo de inibição formado em torno do disco de papel filtro. Os fungicidas Cabrio Top, Captan SC, Comet, Stratego e Vitavax-Thiram 200 SC não se mostraram tóxicos aos isolados. O isolado T4R foi o menos sensível aos fungicidas e os isolado T6R e PCT foram os mais sensíveis. Avaliou-se também, a fungitoxicidade in vitro destes mesmos defensivos agrícolas a Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. phaseoli, agente causal da murcha do feijoeiro e o potencial antagônico dos isolados de Trichoderma sp. ao fitopatógeno. Os fungicidas, Derosal 500, Derosal Plus, Nativo, Opera e Vitavax-Thiram 200 SC foram efetivos no controle de F. oxysporum f.sp. phaseoli in vitro. Experimentos in vitro, testando o potencial antagônico dos isolados T4R, TSV e PCT de Trichoderma sp. ao fitopatógeno mostraram que os isolados são efetivos no controle de F. oxysporum f.sp. phaseoli quando inoculados 48 horas antes e simultaneamente com o fitopatógeno. Em experimento de casa de vegetação, sementes de feijão foram tratadas com os fungicidas Vitavax-Thiram 200 SC e Derosal Plus, com os isolados T4R, TSV e PCT e com o fitopatógeno F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli. Somente o isolado TSV foi efetivo no controle do fitopatógeno. Todos os isolados de Trichoderma sp. foram recuperados de raízes de plantas cujas sementes foram tratadas com fungicidas.

The fungitoxicity of the products Cabrio Top, Captan SC, Comet, Derosal 500, Derosal Plus, Frowncide 200 SC, Nativo, Opera, Stratego and Vitavax-Thiram200 SC was evaluated through in vitro tests in strains of Trichoderma sp. (T1R, T2R, T4R, T6R, T7R, TSV and PCT). The fungicides were added in a PDA culture medium and on discs of filter paper following manufactures recommended dosages, half and the double of this dose. The treatments were maintained at 23±1ºC and at a photophase of 14 hours. After 7 days of incubation the diameter of the fungus colony in the presence of fungicides and the halo of inhibition formed around the disc of paper filter were measured. The fungicides Cabrio Top, Captan SC, Comet, Stratego and Vitavax-Thiram 200 SC were not toxic towards the isolates. The isolate T4R was less sensitive towards the fungicide while the isolates T6R and PCT were the most sensitive ones. The fungitoxicity in vitro of these same agricultural defensives towards Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. phaseoli (the casual agent of Fusarium Wilt and the antagonistic potential of the isolates of Trichoderma sp. towards the pathogen) was evaluated. The fungicides Derosal 500, Derosal Plus, Nativo, Opera and Vitavax-Thiram 200 SC were effective in the control of F. oxysporum f.sp. phaseoli in vitro. Experiments in vitro, testing the antagonistic potential of the isolates T4R, TSV and PCT of Trichoderma sp. towards the pathogen have shown that the isolates are effective in the control of F. oxysporum f.sp. phaseoli when inoculated before 48 hour period and simultaneanously with the pathogen. In experiment in greenhouse bean seeds were treated with the fungicides Derosal Plus and Vitavax-Thiram200 SC with the isolates T4R, TSV and PCT and with the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. phaseoli. Only the isolated TSV was effective in the control of the pathogen. All isolated of Trichoderma sp. Tested they had been recouped of roots of plants whose seeds had been with fungicides.