Angiogênese e metaloproteinases 2 e 9 : estudo comparativo entre colesteatomas adquiridos de pacientes pediátricos e adultos

Abstract

A quantificação da angiogênese e das metaloproteinases pode ser útil na avaliação do comportamento dos colesteatomas, como marcadores de sua agressividade. Objetivo: Comparar os marcadores CD31, MMP2 e MMP9 entre pacientes pediátricos e adultos. Método: transversal. Grupos pediátricos(até 18 anos) e adultos(a partir de 19 anos). Coletados 120 colesteatomas, fixados em formol a 10%, preparadas cinco lâminas, de cada amostra, por técnicas histológicas habituais, observados: número de vasos sangüíneos(CD 31), marcação com MMP2 e MMP9, número de células na matriz e espessura na perimatriz. Dados analisados no SPSS através coeficiente Spearman, exato de Fisher e Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Colesteatomas distribuídos igualmente: 60 pediátricos(11,77±3,57anos); 60 adultos(38,29±14,51anos). CD31pediátrico 7(4 a 11), CD31adulto 4(0 a 10) (P=0,044). MMP2citoplasmática pediátrico 1(0 a 3), MMP2citoplasmática adulto 0(0 a 1) (P=0,006). MMP2nuclear pediátrico 0(0 a 1), MMP2nuclear adulto 0(0 a 1) (P=0,056). MMP9 pediátrico 2(0 a 4), MMP9 adulto 0(0 a 4) (P=0,049). O número de vasos sangüíneos e a quantificação das metaloproteinases estavam fortemente correlacionados com a espessura da perimatriz. Conclusões: Os colesteatomas pediátricos apresentam um grau inflamatório mais exacerbado, produzem mais metaloproteinases, fatores estes, que conjugados, poderiam caracterizar os colesteatomas pediátricos como mais agressivos que os colesteatomas adultos.

Cholesteatoma is an epidermal cyst with three distinct components: matrix, perimatrix and cystic content. The clinical significance of cholesteatoma lies in its association with potential intracranial complications due to bone destruction. Objective: To compare histological and immunohistochemistry analysis between pediatric and adult acquired. Methods: Cross-sectional study. The patients were divided in two groups, according to their age: 60 adults(>18 years old) and 60 children(until 18 years old). The cholesteatomas were fixed in formalin 10%. Five slides from each sample were prepared using standard histology techniques. Slides were analyzed according to average number of blood vessels (CD31), MMP2 and MMP9 positivity and thickness of the perimatrix. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Fisher's exact tests and Spearmann coeficient, with P values<0.05 considered significant. Results: Perimatrix thickness was 78(34-217); CD31 was 6(0-11), cytoplasmic MMP2 positivity was 0(0-2), nuclear MMP2 positivity was 0(0-1); MMP9 positivity was 2(0-4). Statistical difference, between children and adults, was found in perimatrix thickness(P=0.014); blood vessels(P=0.044); cytoplasmic MMP2(P=0.006), nuclear MMP2(P=0.056); MMP9(P=0.049). Conclusions: Pediatric cholesteatomas have a thicker perimatrix, a greater degree of inflammation, and produce more metalloproteinases than those of adult patients, we can suggest, with the combination of these factors, that cholesteatoma is more aggressive in children than in adults.