Prevalência de efeito avental branco e hipertensão mascarada e sua associação com parâmetros ecocardiográficos em pacientes diabéticos hipertensos

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of white-coat hypertension (WCH) and masked hypertension (MH) has not been fully described in diabetic patients. There is still doubt concerning the association between blood pressure (BP) profiles with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) variables and diastolic dysfunction. Aims: To evaluate the prevalence of WCH and MH in diabetic hypertensive patients and their association with echocardiographic variables and microalbuminuria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with 302 hypertensive diabetic patients. Subjects were submitted to a clinical evaluation, 24h-ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and echocardiography and then classified into controlled hypertension (CH, normal office BP, and ABPM), WCH (high office BP and normal ABPM), MH (normal office BP and high ABPM), and sustained hypertension (SH, high office BP and high ABPM). Multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between blood pressure (BP) profiles with echocardiographic variables and microalbuminuria. Results: Mean age was 57.2 ± 6.1 years, 109 were men. The median HbA1c and diabetes duration was 7.9% (6.8-9.2), and 10 years (5-16), respectively. Prevalences of CH, WCH, MH and SH were 28.8%, 19.9%, 17.5%, and 33.8%, respectively. The SH group had a higher relative wall thickness (P=0.026) and posterior wall thickness (P=0.004). Other variables of LVH and diastolic function were not different among groups. Conclusions: Prevalences of WCH and MH were lower than those estimated in diabetic only patients. We did not find a “dose-response” association between the hypertensive phenotypes and echocardiographic variables of cardiovascular risk. The use of ABPM beyond the classic cardiovascular risk stratification tools must be questioned in high-risk patients.