Síntese de novos cristais líquidos derivados de base de schiff com núcleo isoxazolina/isoxazol

Abstract

Esta dissertação apresenta a síntese e caracterização espectroscópica e térmica de duas novas series de bases de Schiff líquido cristalinas contendo o anel isoxazolina e isoxazol. Foram sintetizados 22 bases de Schiff da série (E)-N-[4-(alquiloxi)benzilideno]-4-[5-(X)-4,5-dihidroisoxazol-3-il]anilinas (8c-i) e 22 bases de Schiff da série (E)-N-[4-(alquiloxi)benzilideno]-4-[5-(X)-isoxazol-3-il]anilinas (8c´-i´). Em ambas as séries, o grupo X é CH3 para 8c/8c’; Cl para 8d/8d’; Br para 8e/8e’; H para 8f/8f’; n-Butila; para 8h/8h’ e 2-Etilhexila para 8i/8i’. O substituinte alquiloxila em ambas as series de bases de Schiff foi n-hexila, n-octila, n-decila e n-dodecila, exceto para as bases de Schiff 8h/8i´ e 8h´/8i´ para n-hexila e n-octila, respectivamente. A reação de cicloadição [3+2] 1,3-dipolar do óxido de arilnitrila derivado do 4-nitrobenzaldeído (1a) e os alcenos produziu os heterocíclicos isoxazolínicos. Os isoxazóis foram obtidos pela reação de oxidação das respectivas isoxazolinas via MnO2. Os heterocíclicos preparados foram reduzidos para as respectivas anilinas e condensadas com os p-n-alcoxibenzaldeídos para fornecer as bases de Schiff correspondentes. Todas as bases de Schiff apresentaram comportamento líquido-cristalino. 8c-i apresentaram uma pequena faixa de existência de mesofase, enquanto que 8c´-i´ apresentaram uma enorme faixa de mesofase. Bases de Schiff com grupo Metila apresentaram mesofase nemática enquanto que com grupos polares Cloro e Bromo e Hidrogênio a predominância da mesofase esmética A. A base de Schiff 8h com o grupo n-hexila apresentou uma mesofase não identificada com textura dendritica. Bases de Schiff com dois grupos apolares alquilicos apresentaram também mesofase esmética C. As bases de Schiff 8c´-i´ apresentaram uma temperatura de clareamento superior a 250°C, enquanto que 8c-i foi abaixo de 160 °C. Analise térmica das bases de Schiff revelou que elas são instáveis quando aquecidas acima da temperatura de clareamento para aquelas derivadas do isoxazol (8c´-i´) e, ambas as séries hidrolisaram em solução de CDCl3.

In this dissertation, the synthesis and characterization of two series of Schiff base liquid crystals (E)-N-[4-(alkyloxy)benzylidene]-4-[5-(X)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl]anilines (8c-i) and (E)-N-[4-(alkyloxy)benzylidene]-4-[5-(X)-isoxazol-3-yl]anilines (8c´-i´) are described. For all Schiff bases, X group is CH3 for 8c/8c´; Cl for 8d/8d´; Br for 8e/8e´; H for 8f/8f´; n-Butyl for 8h/8h´ and 2-Ethylhexyl for 8i/8i´. All Schiff bases contain alkyl group (n-hexyl, n-octyl, n-decyl and n-dodecyl), except for 8h/8h´ and 8i/8i´ where the alkyl group is n-hexyl, n-octyl, respectively. The isoxazolines were synthesized by a [3+2] cycloaddition 1,3-dipolar of arylnitrile oxide from p-nitrobenzaldehyde (1) and alkenes. The isoxazoles were obtained by oxidation of the isoxazolines. The isoxazolines and isoxazoles thus obtained were reduced to aniline derivatives and condensed with appropriated aryl-aldehydes. The final Schiff bases series displayed liquid-crystalline properties. Those derived from isoxazolines 8c-i presented a narrow mesophase range, while those from isoxazoles 8c´-i´ showed a large mesophase range. Mesomorphic behavior was also dependent on the nature and size of the terminal group for both series of Shiff bases. Nematic mesophase was observed for Schiff bases with short and non-polar groups, while smectogenic behavior (SmA and SmC) was observed for long and more polar terminal groups. For Schiff base 8h with n-hexyl group an undefined mesophase was observed with dendritic texture. The thermal stability of the SBs studied here is dependent on the clearing temperature. For 8c´-i´ with high clearing temperature (>250 °C), decomposition induced by heat was observed during the first cycle of heating and in solutions of CDCl3. Series 8c-i with low clearing temperature (< 150 °C) was more resistant to the thermal decomposition during the heating and cooling cycles.