Spinal articular dysfunction is common in athletic horses

Abstract

Background: Spinal articular dysfunction disrupts normal neural function and may lead to stiffness, pain or poor performance. Back pain is common in equine athletes, and it is a common complaint by horse owners requesting chiropractic evaluations. Objectives: To describe the prevalence of spinal articular dysfunction in showjumping horses. Study Design: Retrospective analysis of clinical records. Methods: Records from 3 years of examinations in horses, from beginners to highperformance levels. Each horse had 30 spinal segments evaluated for the presence of dysfunctional articulations. Exams were performed by a certified International Veterinary Chiropractic Association veterinarian. Data recorded included age, sex, complaint and history of previous veterinary chiropractic examinations. Descriptive and statistical analysis was performed by age groups: G1 up to 6 years old, G2 from 7 to 10 years, G3 from 11 to 14 years, and G4 from 15 years and above. Significance was set as p < 0.05; results were presented as mean ± SD. Results: Four hundred and ninety-two jumping horses were included (4–19 years old). On average, animals had 11.9 (±3.5) dysfunctional spinal segments. The minimal number observed was 2 and the maximum was 23. No animals were free of spinal dysfunction, and 442 (89.8%) were found to have segmental dysfunction in all 3 spinal regions. The most affected vertebrae were L3, L2, L4, C1 and T7. Dysfunctional segments in the cervical region were diagnosed less frequently in G1 horses (p < 0.05). Main Limitations: Objective pain measurements were unavailable. Lameness, when present, was not graded and was not directly correlated with spinal dysfunction. Conclusions: Jumping horses had a high prevalence of spinal articular dysfunction, mainly in the lumbar spine, thoracic sling area and atlanto-occipital joint. The prevalence of dysfunction of the cervical spine increases with age. No equine athlete in this study was free of spinal articular dysfunction.