Association between impairment and self-rated heath : a brazilian population study considering type, origin, and degree of limitation

Abstract

Background Perceived health is a well-known, low-cost measure in public health, and has been used in several studies on individuals with impairment. Although many studies have related impairment to self-rated health (SRH), few have considered the origin and degree of limitation of the impairment. This study examined whether physical, hearing, or visual impairments—when analyzed according to origin (congenital or acquired) and degree of limitation (with or without)—are associated with the SRH status. Methods This cross-sectional study used data of 43,681 adult individuals from the Brazilian National Health Survey (NHS, 2013). The outcome SRH was dichotomized into poor (including the regular, poor, and very poor responses) or good (including the good and very good responses). Crude and adjusted (for socio-demographic characteristics and chronic diseases history) prevalence ratios (PR) estimates were evaluated using Poisson regression models with the robust variance estimator. Results Poor SRH prevalence was estimated at 31.8% (95%CI:31.0–33.0) among the non-impaired population, 65.6% (95%CI:60.6–70.0) among individuals with physical impairment, 50.3% (95%CI:45.0–56.0) for people with hearing impairment, and 55.3% (95%CI:51.8–59.0) for the visually impaired. Individuals with congenital physical impairment— with or without limitations—presented the strongest association with the poorest SRH status. Participants with non-limiting, congenital hearing impairment showed a protective factor to poor SRH (PR=0.40 95%CI: 0.38–0.52). Individuals with acquired visual impairment with limitations demonstrated the strongest association with poor SRH (PR=1.48 95%CI:1.47–1.49). Among the impaired population, middle-aged participants showed a stronger association with poor SRH than older adult participants. Conclusions Impairment is associated with poor SRH status, especially among people with physical impairment. The origin and degree of limitation of each type of impairment differently impacts SRH among the impaired population.