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dc.contributor.authorZajkowska, Zuzannapt_BR
dc.contributor.authorGullet, Nancypt_BR
dc.contributor.authorWalsh, Annabelpt_BR
dc.contributor.authorZonca, Valentinapt_BR
dc.contributor.authorPedersen, Gloriapt_BR
dc.contributor.authorSouza, Laila Oliveira dept_BR
dc.contributor.authorKieling, Christian Costapt_BR
dc.contributor.authorFisher, Helen L.pt_BR
dc.contributor.authorKohrt, Brandon A.pt_BR
dc.contributor.authorMondelli, Valeriapt_BR
dc.date.accessioned2022-07-13T04:53:11Zpt_BR
dc.date.issued2022pt_BR
dc.identifier.issn0306-4530pt_BR
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10183/242319pt_BR
dc.description.abstractIntroduction Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been implicated in the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adulthood. Less work has focused on the role of the HPA axis in depression in adolescence and young adulthood globally. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of worldwide research investigating the relationship between cortisol, a measure of HPA axis activity, and MDD in adolescence and young adulthood. Method We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, Lilacs, African Journals Online, and Global Health for studies which examined the relationship between cortisol and MDD in global youth (10–24 years old). Results Twenty-six studies were included in the systematic review and 14 were eligible for the meta-analysis, but only one study included young adults in their sample. Results from the meta-analysis demonstrated that elevated morning, but not evening, cortisol levels was prospectively associated with later MDD development in adolescence and young adulthood. However, morning cortisol levels did not significantly differ between healthy controls and individuals with MDD in cross-sectional studies. Afternoon cortisol and cortisol stress response also did not differ between adolescents with MDD and healthy controls. Qualitative synthesis of the three studies examining nocturnal cortisol showed higher nocturnal cortisol was both longitudinally and cross-sectionally associated with MDD in adolescence. Conclusion Our findings suggest elevated morning cortisol precedes depression in adolescence. Despite this, we did not find any differences in other cortisol measures in association with MDD in cross-sectional studies. Taken together, these findings suggest that elevated morning and nocturnal cortisol are risk factors for depression in adolescence rather than a biomarker of existing MDD. This supports a role for the hyperactivity of the HPA axis in the development of MDD in adolescence. Most of the studies were from high-income-countries (HICs) and thus further work would need to be conducted in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to understand if our findings are generalisable also to these populations.en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfpt_BR
dc.language.isoengpt_BR
dc.relation.ispartofPsychoneuroendocrinology. New York. Vol. 136 (Feb. 2022), 105625pt_BR
dc.rightsOpen Accessen
dc.subjectDepressãopt_BR
dc.subjectDepressionen
dc.subjectAdolescentept_BR
dc.subjectAdolescenceen
dc.subjectCortisolen
dc.subjectAdulto jovempt_BR
dc.subjectHPA axisen
dc.subjectHidrocortisonapt_BR
dc.subjectStressen
dc.subjectTranstorno depressivo maiorpt_BR
dc.subjectSistema hipotálamo-hipofisáriopt_BR
dc.subjectMajor depressive disorderen
dc.titleCortisol and development of depression in adolescence and young adulthood a systematic review and meta-analysispt_BR
dc.typeArtigo de periódicopt_BR
dc.identifier.nrb001143516pt_BR
dc.type.originEstrangeiropt_BR


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