Convection and rotation boosted prescription of magnetic braking application to the formation of extremely low-mass white dwarfs

Abstract

Extremely low-mass white dwarfs (ELM WDs) are the result of binary evolution in which a low-mass donor star is stripped by its companion leaving behind a helium-core white dwarf (WD). We explore the formation of ELM WDs in binary systems considering the Convection And Rotation Boosted magnetic braking treatment. Our evolutionary sequences were calculated using the Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics code, with initial masses of 1.0 and 1.2 M (donor), and 1.4 (accretor), compatible with low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) systems. We obtain ELM models in the range 0.15–0.27 M from a broad range of initial orbital periods, 1–25 d. The bifurcation period, where the initial period is equal to the final period, ranges from 20 to 25 d. In addition to LMXBs, we show that ultracompact X-ray binaries (UCXBs) and wide-orbit binary millisecond pulsars can also be formed. The relation between mass and orbital period obtained is compatible with the observational data from He WD companions to pulsars.