Association between self-reported hearing impairment and diabetes : a Brazilian population-based study

Abstract

Background: Some studies have already explored the relationship between diabetes and hearing loss; however, this relationship has still not been well established, especially due to methodological limitations related to lack of control for confounders. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between self-reported hearing impairment and diabetes among adults in Brazil, controlling for sociodemographic and occupational exposure to ototoxic agents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on data collected by the National Health Survey of 2013 in Brazil. A total of 60,202 individuals aged≥18 years were interviewed. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated using the Poisson regression model with robust estimation of the variance. All analyzes were performed considering the appropriated weights imposed by the complex sample design. Results: Hearing loss prevalence was 2.56% (95%CI: 2.34–2.79). It was higher in males, older age groups, white and individuals with lower levels of schooling. Diabetes was positively and significantly associated with hearing loss in the crude analysis (PRcrude = 2.92; 95%CI: 2.75–3.11) and also in the analysis adjusted for gender, age, skin color, schooling, smoking, alcohol consumption and occupational exposure (PRadj = 1.46; 95%CI: 1.32–1.61). Conclusions: The present results suggest that individuals with diabetes have higher prevalence of hearing impairment. There is the need of longitudinal studies to investigate if diabetes is a risk factor to hearing impairment.