Qualidade de vida em escolares com excesso de peso

Abstract

Introdução: Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde (QVRS) é uma medida de saúde que abrange as dimensões física, psicológica e social. Há evidência de que o excesso de peso é capaz de determinar a QVRS de escolares. Avaliar a QVRS é relevante para a identificação do impacto do excesso de peso e monitoramento dos domínios mais afetados da QVRS, além de ser um indicador relevante para o manejo da obesidade. Ainda, os escolares com excesso de peso do sul do Brasil merecem atenção, visto que esta região possui uma prevalência de excesso de peso que supera as outras regiões do país. Objetivo: Identificar a QVRS entre adolescentes com excesso de peso e fatores associados, como gênero, idade e categorias de peso. Método: Estudo transversal com dados primários e dados de um outro banco, que juntos contavam com 276 crianças e adolescentes com idade entre 10 e 19 anos, com sobrepeso e obesidade, cujos responsáveis autorizaram a participação. Foram coletados dados antropométricos, de desenvolvimento puberal e resultantes do questionário Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 4.0 para a avaliação da QVRS. O PedsQL foi utilizado por ser considerado fácil, rápido e também por possuir caráter autoaplicativo. Os dados categóricos foram descritos por contagens e percentuais. Para a descrição das subescalas da QVRS, foram utilizadas medianas e percentis 25 e 75; e, para comparações entre grupos de faixa etária, gênero e categoria de peso, teste de Mann-Whitney.

Introduction: Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), is a health measure that covers physical, psychological and social dimensions. There is evidence that overweight is able to determine the HRQoL of school children. Evaluating HRQoL is relevant for the identification of the impact of overweight and monitoring the most affected domains of HRQoL, as well as being a relevant indicator for the management of obesity. Also, overweight schoolchildren in southern Brazil deserve attention, since this region has a prevalence of overweight that surpasses the other regions of the country. Objective: To identify HRQoL among overweight adolescents and associated factors, such as gender, age and weight categories. Method: A cross-sectional study with primary data and data from another bank, which together 276 children and adolescents aged from 10 to 19 years old, overweight and obese, who had been authorized to participate. Anthropometric data, pubertal development and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 4.0 were collected for an HRQoL assessment. PedsQL was used because it is considered easy, fast and also because it has a selfapplicative character. Categorical data were described by counts and percentages. For a description of HRQoL subscales, they were median and 25th and 75th percentiles, and Mann-Whitney test for comparisons between age groups, gender and weight category. Results: The median total HRQoL was 78.3 (68.5-87.4). The smallest scale was the "emotional score" of 65 (50-80). It was found higher HRQL in boys in most domains (p <0.05), except in the "school domain" (p = 0.09). Regarding the age group, the median of the "physical domain" (p = 0.03) and the "social domain" (p = 0.02) were significantly lower in the group of schoolchildren under 14 years of age. When the weight categories were separated, obese schoolchildren differed in relation to the "physical domain" (p = 0.00), "school domain" (p = 0.04) and "total domain" (p = 0.02) of the HRQoL. However, there was no significant difference between the emotional, social and psychosocial domains. Conclusions: Through the self-evaluation of students with overweight and obesity, it can be concluded that there are losses in the HRQoL and also between the different domains, when separated by age, gender and weight category.