Soil physical and hydraulic changes in different yielding zones under no-tillage in Brazil

Abstract

Soil physical and structural degradation may influence crop productivity over time in long-term notillage system areas. A field study was conducted at two sites, Palmeira das Missões and Não-MeToque, in southern Brazil to quantify soil physical/hydraulic and structural changes in zones with different yield potentials. The sites have been managed under no-tillage system without soil disturbance for more than 10 years. Soils were classified as Oxisols (Hapludox). Each site was divided into three zones with low, medium and high yield potentials based on overlapping of yield maps obtained from harvesters with precision agriculture tools. Within each yielding zone soil samples were collected to determine bulk density, porosity and aggregate stability. In addition, water infiltration rate and initial time for starting surface runoff were measured using a sprinkler infiltrometer (Cornell Sprinkler infiltrometer). Our findings showed that soils under low-yielding zones presented higher bulk density, lower macro-aggregate stability and water infiltration rate as well as shorter time for starting surface runoff compared to high-yielding zones. Therefore, these results suggest that soil physical and structural degradations have induced crop yield losses under long-term no-tillage areas. Macroaggregate stability (>4.76 mm) and water infiltration rate were efficient parameters for distinguishing yielding zones in Oxisols managed under long-term no-tillage system in southern Brazil.