Leaf relative chlorophyll content as an indicator parameter to predict nitrogen fertilization in maize

Abstract

O medidor portátil de clorofila SPAD 502, que permite leituras instantâneas da intensidade da cor verde da folha (valor correspondente ao teor de clorofila) sem destruí-la, surgiu como uma alternativa para avaliar o nível de N na planta. Com o objetivo de determinar os valores adequados da leitura SPAD, em quatro estádios de desenvolvimento da planta de milho, conduziu-se um experimento em Eldorado do Sul, RS, no ano agrícola 1998/1999. Os tratamentos constaram de dois híbridos de milho (Pioneer 32R21 e Cargill 901) e de nove níveis de N (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500 e 600kg ha-1 de N). O N foi aplicado em cobertura ao lado da linha de semeadura, em quatro doses iguais, de acordo com o nível estabelecido em cada tratamento. A primeira, segunda, terceira e quarta aplicações foram feitas nos estádios de três a quatro, seis a sete, 10 a 11 e 14 a 15 folhas desenvolvidas. A uréia foi utilizada como fonte de N. Como os valores de leitura SPAD entre as cultivares foram similares, utilizou-se o valor médio em cada estádio avaliado. Para diagnóstico do nível de N na planta de milho, as leituras no clorofilômetro maiores que 45,4, 52,1, 55,3 e 58,0, respectivamente, para os estádios de três a quatro folhas, seis a sete folhas, 10 a 11 folhas e no espigamento, foram considerados adequados para obter altos rendimentos de grãos. A variação na leitura SPAD foi maior nos estádios iniciais de desenvolvimento da cultura do milho.

The development of a portable chlorophyll meter (SPAD 502), that takes instantaneous measurements of greenness without leaf destruction, has emerged as a new tool to assess plant N status. This trial was carried out to determine the adequate SPAD readings to predict maize nitrogen needs in four growth stages. The experiment was conducted in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, during the 1998/ 99 growing season. Treatments were two maize hybrids (Pioneer 32R21 and Cargill 901) and nine side-dressed nitrogen levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600kg ha-1). Nitrogen was side-dressed at the soil surface in four equal doses, according to the levels established on each treatment. The first, second, third and fourth applications were made in the stages of three to four, six to seven, 10 to 11 and 14 to 15 fully expanded leaves, respectively. Urea was used as the N source. Since there was no difference in the SPAD readings among maize hybrids, average values at each stage were used. Readings were carried out in the stages of three to four, six to seven, 10 to 11 fully expanded leaves and at silking. Chlorophyll evaluation samples were taken at twothirds of the distance from the leaf tip towards the stem. The two upper leaves were sampled on each growth stage before maize flowering. The index leaf (first leaf below the ear) was evaluated during silking. Chlorophyll meter readings above 45.4, 52.1, 55.3, and 58.0 represented the adequate values for the stages of three to four, six to seven, 10 to 11 expanded leaves and at silking, respectively, to achieve high grain yield. The variation in SPAD readings were highest in the early stages of plant growth.