Deficiente versus pessoa portadora de deficiência : uma análise discursiva dos jornais Zero Hora e Correio do Povo

Abstract

Buscou-se compreender as condições específicas de produção do discurso jornalístico e identificar a tensão existente entre os discursos emergentes dos movimentos sociais de pessoas portadoras de deficiência, os discursos circundantes e que versam a respeito destas pessoas e o discurso jornalístico sobre esta parcela da população. Considerou-se que, anteriores ao discurso jornalístico, existem duas linhas discursivas dominantes circulando nos campos político e social: a linha da cidadania, que é o discurso das pessoas portadoras de deficiência e se refere aos movimentos no sentido de buscar autonomia e igualdade de condições de acesso aos vários campos da vida; e a linha do assistencialismo, um discurso sobre, que circunda as pessoas portadoras de deficiência, fundando sua perspectiva pelo viés do déficit: a pessoa portadora de deficiência seria alguém a quem, antes de mais nada, falta algo e, por isso, precisa de atendimento externo.

This research consists of an analysis of the news about handicapped persons in the newspapers Zero Hora and Correio do Povo, from Porto Alegre, from the perspective of Discourse Analysis. With the aim of denaturalizing the production process of the journalistic discourse related to the way it shows the handicapped person, it is questioned if this way of showing reinforces or not the stigma of disability. Within a corpus of 87 pieces of news published from August 1st to September 30, 2001, the dominant discoursive structures were mapped and their source enunciators were identified, locating the speeches that came from two sources: from social assistance entities and professionals that work with handicapped persons, on one hand, and social movements on the other hand-voices that permeate the journalistic discourse and help to set it up. The aim was to understand the specific production conditions of journalistic discourse and to identify the existing tension among emergent discourses from handicapped person's social movements, the surrounding discourses that concern those people and the journalistic discourse about that population section. It was considered that, preexisting journalistic discourse, there are two dominant discoursive lines circulating in the political and social fields: the citizenship line, that is the discourse of the handicapped person and refers to the movements that seek for autonomy and equality of access conditions to the many fields of life; and the assistantship line, a discourse about the issue, that surrounds the handicapped person, founding its perspective through the deficit view: a handicapped person is someone who primarily lacks something, and because of that, needs external assistance.