Molecular and biochemical aspects of Brettanomyces in brewing

Abstract

Brettanomyces is a semi-domesticated yeast that is a crucial component of lambic beers and is increasingly attracting the attention of the brewing industry. Brettanomyces display Saccharomyces-like features, such as a positive Crabtree effect, ethanol synthesis and tolerance to harsh environments. Additionally, Brettanomyces exhibit β-glucosidase and esterase activities, the production of phenolic compounds and tetrahydropyridines, together with the ability to ferment dextrins and breakdown cellobiose from wooden casks. Although the importance of Brettanomyces species is documented in the production of different beer styles, the molecular and biochemical features of these species required for brewing are poorly understood. Therefore, this work reviews the current knowledge of the molecular biology and biochemistry underlying the performance of Brettanomyces in the brewing industry.