Sistematização das artérias na base do encéfalo e suas fontes de suprimento sangüíneo em peru (meleagris gallopavo)

Abstract

Neste trabalho estudou-se o comportamento das artérias carótidas do cérebro na base do encéfalo de 30 perus (Meleagris gallopavo), 12 machos e 18 fêmeas, jovens e adultos. O sistema arterial foi preenchido com látex 603 corado em vermelho através dos troncos braquiocefálico direito e esquerdo com posterior observação em microscópio. Sistematizou-se a origem das fontes de suprimento sanguíneo para o encéfalo e as artérias da face ventral do cérebro. O arco aórtico emitiu o tronco braquiocefálico esquerdo (E) e direito (D) (100%), cada tronco braquiocefálico lançou a A. subclávia D e E (100%) e a A. carótida comum D e E (100%) e desta originou-se a A. carótida interna que emitiu a A. carótida do cérebro D e E (100%). Na base do cérebro as artérias ocorreram com as respectivas percentagens de aparecimento: A. carótida do cérebro (100%). Anastomose intercarótica oblíqua para a E (50%), de contato (“X”) (26,7%), oblíqua para a D (13,3%) e transversal (10%). A A. oftálmica interna presente à D e a E (100%). Ramo caudal da carótida do cérebro à D apresentouse vestigial (70%) e desenvolvido (30%) já à E o ramo caudal foi desenvolvido (70%) e vestigial (30%). A A. basilar formou-se em (70%) do ramo caudal desenvolvido esquerdo e em (30%) do direito. A A. tectal mesencefálica ventral em (70%) à D e (30%) à E foi ramo direto da A. carótida do cérebro, já à E (70%) e à D (30%) foi ramo colateral do ramo caudal desenvolvido da A. carótida do cérebro. Ramos colaterais da A. basilar: A. cerebelar ventral rostral presente (86,7%) em ambos os antímeros. A. cerebelar ventral caudal à D única (73,3%), dupla (23,3%) e tripla (3,3%). A. cerebelar ventral caudal à E única (73,3%) e dupla (26,7%). A. espinhal dorsal ramo colateral padrão da A. cerebelar ventral caudal à D (80%) e à E (73,3%). A. espinhal ventral, continuação da A. basilar “em ilha” (60%), ímpar (26,7%) e dupla (13,3%). O ramo rostral da A. carótida do cérebro presente em (100%); apresentou como ramos colaterais a A. cerebral caudal à D única (100%) e à E (96,7 %) enquanto em (3,3%) era dupla; A. cerebral média presente única à D e E (100%). Ramo terminal da artéria carótida do cérebro a A. cerebroetmoidal à D e E (100%) com seu ramo colateral a A. cerebral rostral à D (90%) única e (10%) dupla, à E (86,7%) única e (13,3%) dupla e a A. etmoidal à D e à E (100%) única. Observou-se que o círculo arterial cerebral é aberto tanto rostral como caudalmente.

This work studied the course of the cerebral carotid arteries of the base of the brain from 30 turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo), 12 males and 18 females, young and adults. The arterial system was filled with latex 603 stained in red through the right and left brachiocephalic trunk, with further microscopical analysis. The origin of the source of blood supply to the encephalus and arteries of the ventral surface of the brain were systematized. The aortic arch emitted the left (L) and right (R) brachiocephalic trunk (100%), the brachiocephalic trunk emitted the R and L subclavian arteries (100%) and the R and L common carotid arteries (100%), and from this the internal carotid artery was originated, which emitted the R and L cerebral carotid arteries (100%). At the base of the brain, the arteries occurred in the respective percentages: cerebral carotid artery (100%), obliqual intercarotid anastomosis to the L (50%), of contact (“X”) (26.7%), obliqual to the R (13.3%) and transversal (10%). The internal ophthalmic artery was present to the R and L (100%). The caudal branch of the cerebral carotid artery was vestigial (70%) and developed (30%) to the R, whereas it was developed (70%) and vestigial (30%) to the L. The basilar artery was formed (70%) from the left developed caudal branch and (30%) the right branch. The ventral mesencephalic tectal artery (70%) to the R and (30%) L was a direct branch of the cerebral carotid artery, whereas to the L (70%) and R (30%) it was a collateral branch of the developed caudal branch of the cerebral carotid artery. Collateral branches of the basilar artery: rostral ventral cerebellar artery was present to the (86.7%) at both antimerous. Caudal ventral cerebellar artery to the R was single (73.3%), double (23.3%) and triple (3.3%). The caudal ventral cerebellar artery to the L was single (73.3%) and double (26.7%). The dorsal spinal pattern artery was a branch of the collateral branch of the caudal ventral cerebellar artery to the R (80%) and L (73.3%). The ventral spinal artery was a continuation of the basilar artery “in island” (66.7%), single (26.7%) and double (6.7%). The rostral branch of the cerebral carotid artery was present (100%) and its collateral branches were the caudal cerebral artery to the R (100%) and L (96.7 %) single and (3.3%) double, the middle cerebral artery single to the R and L (100%). The terminal branch of the cerebral carotid artery the cerebroethmoidal artery to the R and L (100%) with its collateral branch the rostral cerebral artery to the R (90%) single and (10%) double, and L (86.7%) single and (13.3%) double; and the ethmoidal artery to the R and L (100%) single. It was observed that the cerebral arterial circle is as open rostrally as caudally.