Correlation of body mass index Z-scores with glucose and lipid profiles among overweight and obese children and adolescents

Abstract

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of abnormalities in plasma lipid and glucose profiles among overweight and obese children and adolescents, and to assess the presence of a correlation between body mass index Z-scores and indicators of comorbidities related to both profiles. Methods: This was a multicenter cross-sectional study conducted at two outpatient clinics. The study included all 417 comers for the first visit from 2008 to 2012, aged between 7 and 18 years, with BMI above the Z-score +1. Anthropometry and blood sampling were obtained. The prevalence of dyslipidemias, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance were evaluated, together with the correlations of these variables with the increase of Z-BMI. Results: Dyslipidemia was observed in 43.4% of the boys and 66.1% of the girls, with no difference between genders. High glucose levels were detected in 6.2% of the individuals. Insulin resistance was present in 32.3% and 41.7% of the cases, with no statistical significance between boys and girls. Correlations between the Z-BMI were noted for triglycerides in the entire group and among girls; for HDL-c, only among girls; for glucose, a correlation was observed for the entire group, but not when stratified by gender. The indicators of insulin resistance were all correlated with Z-BMI, even when corrected for age. Conclusions: Overweight and obesity give origin to a high prevalence of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. BMI Z-scores showed a weak positive correlation with glucose and triglyceride, and negative with HDL-c. In turn, the strongest positive correlation was found with insulinresistance indicators.

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de anormalidades nos perfis lipídico e glicêmico entre crian¸cas e adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade e também verificar se existe correla¸cão entre os escores-z de índice de massa corporal (z-IMC) e indicadores de comorbidades ligados a esses perfis. Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal multicêntrico, incluiu 417 pacientes com idades entre 7 e 18 anos e IMC acima do escore-z > +1, que fizeram a consulta de caso novo entre 2008 e 2012. Antropometria e coleta de sangue foram realizadas. As prevalências de dislipidemia, hiperglicemia e resistência insulínica foram avaliadas, juntamente com as correla¸cões entre essas variáveis e o z-IMC. Resultados: Dislipidemia foi encontrada em 43,4% dos meninos e 66,1% das meninas, sem diferen¸ca entre os sexos. Hiperglicemia foi encontrada em 6,2% dos indivíduos. Resistência insulínica esteve presente entre 32,3 e 41,7% dos casos, sem diferen¸ca estatística entre os sexos. Foi observada correla¸cão com z-IMC para triglicerídeos quando considerado o grupo todo e entre as meninas; e para HDL-c, apenas entre as meninas. A glicemia apresentou correla¸cão quando considerado o grupo todo, mas não quando separados por sexo. Os indicadores de resistência insulínica estiveram todos correlacionados com IMC, mesmo quando se executou corre¸cão para a idade. Conclusões: Sobrepeso e obesidade levam a prevalências elevadas de dislipidemia e resistên- cia insulínica. Os escores z de IMC mostraram discreta correla¸cão positiva com glicose e triglicerídeos e negativa com HDL-c. Por outro lado, correla¸cão positiva mais forte foi observada com os indicadores de resistência insulínica.