Avaliação clínica da fungemia detectada pelo sistema de hemocultivo por lise-centrifugação (Isolator). Treze anos de experiência, 1994-2007

Abstract

Foram incluídos no estudo 525 casos de fungemia causadas por Candida spp, Cryptocossus spp, Trichosporon spp, Rhodotorula spp, Histoplasma capsulatum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae e Pseudozyma aphidis, que constam nos arquivos do Laboratório de Micologia, Santa Casa-Complexo Hospitalar, Porto Alegre (RS) num período de 13 anos (1994-2007). Aspectos demográficos, doenças de base e fatores associadas aos episódios de fungemia foram estudados. Assim como, os agentes etiológicos e a mortalidade global entre os pacientes com fungemia. Os 525 casos foram classificados da seguinte maneira: candidemia (413/78,6%), subdivididos em: Candida albicans (151/36,5%), C. parapsilosis (91/22%), C. tropicalis (65/15,7%), C. glabrata (27/6,5%), C. pelliculosa (18/4,3%), C. guilliermondii (18/4,3%), C. humicola (7/1,7%), C. krusei (7/1,7%), C. famata (5/1,2%), C. lusitaniae (4/0,9%), C. sake (4/0,9%), C. lipolytica (3/0,7%), C. globosa (3/0,7%), C. intermedia (2/0,5%), C. kefyr (1/0,24%), C. colliculosa (1/0,24%) e Candida sp (8/1,9%); criptocococemia (77/14,6%), subdivididos em: Cryptococcus neoformans (72/93,5%), C. gattii (3/3,9%), C. laurentii (1/1,3%), Cryptococcus sp (1/1,3%); Histoplasma capsulatum (21/4%);Trichosporon spp (9/1,5%) subdivididos em: T. asahii (8/89%), T. mucoides (1/11%); Rhodotorula spp (5/0,9%) subdivididos, Rhodotorula sp (4/80%), R. mucilaginosa (1/20%); Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1/0,2%); Pseudozyma aphidis (1/0,2%)O sexo masculino foi o mais prevalente (288/55%), porém sem significância estatística, a idade variou de 12 dias à 97 anos, com uma mediana de 39,64 anos. A mortalidade nestes pacientes variou entre 22% e 52%. As doenças de base mais frequente foram câncer e Aids. Febre foi o sinal mais frequente. x Neste contexto, a fungemia deve ser incluída no diagnóstico diferencial destes pacientes com febre de origem desconhecida e prolongada. Utilizando-se de técnicas laboratoriais específicas para o diagnóstico etiológico.

We reviewd 525 cases of fungemia caused by Candida spp, Cryptocossus spp, Trichosporon spp, Rhodotorula spp, Histoplasma capsulatum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pseudozyma aphidis. They have all been part of the files of the Mycology Laboratory at Santa Casa Hospital Complex in Porto Alegre (RS), during a thirteen-year period (1994 - 2007). Demographic aspects, underlying diseases and factors associated with the fungemia episodes were studied, as well as the etiologic agents and the global mortality among the patients having fungemia. The 525 cases included in the study were classified according to the following: candidemia (413/78,6%), subdivided in: Candida albicans (151/36,5%), C. parapsilosis (91/22%), C. tropicalis (65/15,7%), C glabrata (27/6,5%), C. pelliculosa (18/4,3%), C.guilliermondii (18/4,3%), C. humicola (7/1,7%), C. krusei (7/1,7%), C. famata (5/1,2%), C. lusitaniae (4/0,9%), C. sake (4/0,9%), C. lipolytica (3/0,7%), C. globosa (3/0,7%), C. intermedia (2/0,5%), C. kefyr (1/0,24%), C. colliculosa (1/0,24%) e Candida sp (8/1,9%); criptocococemia (77/14,6%), subdivided in: Cryptococcus neoformans (72/93,5%), C. gattii (3/3,9%), C. laurentii (1/1,3%), Cryptococcus sp (1/1,3%); Histoplasma capsulatum (21/4%);Trichosporon spp (9/1,5%) subdivided in: T. asahii (8/89%), T. mucoides (1/11%); Rhodotorula spp (5/0,9%) subdivided, Rhodotorula sp (4/80%), R. mucilaginosa (1/20%); Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1/0,2%); Pseudozyma aphidis (1/0,2%) The male gender was the most prevalent (288/55%), although no significance difference was observed. The age ranged from 12 days to 97 years old, with an average of 39,64 years. The mortality among these patients ranged between 22% and 52%. The most frequent underlying diseases were cancer and Aids. Fever was the most frequent sign. xii Within this context, fungemia must be included in the differential diagnosis of these patients presenting long-term fever with unknown cause. Making use of specific laboratorial techniques for the etiologic diagnosis.